Playing card shuffler

ABSTRACT

An apparatus is for shuffling a plurality of playing cards used in gaming. The apparatus includes a support adapted to support the unshuffled cards on-edge. An exciter is also included, and is adapted to impart vibrational action to the supported cards. Cards drop in a random fashion such as by controlling the relative position of the cards and passage through one or more slots in the supporting rest. In some of the apparatuses a medial receiver is adapted to receive at least one card dropped from the support and to retain the at least one received card to substantially block the slot to prevent further cards from dropping. A positioner is preferably included to change the relative position of the unshuffled deck and slots though which the cards drop.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technical field of this invention is shuffling machines for shuffling playing cards used in gaming.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Shuffling machines, or shufflers, are widely used in casinos, card rooms and many other venues at which card games are played. Conventional shufflers are typically adapted to receive one or more decks of standard playing cards to be shuffled. The intended purpose of most shufflers is to shuffle the playing cards into what is believed to be a random order. Such a random order of the playing cards is desirable when playing various types of card games such as blackjack, poker and the like. However, in reality most shufflers have tendencies to shuffle or reorder the deck or decks in a manner which skilled card counters can perceive and use to their advantage versus the casino, house or other player. Thus, there is still a need for automated shufflers that function in a manner which more truly randomizes the ordering of a deck or decks of playing cards.

Other problems associated with at least some conventional shufflers include excessive size, excessive weight, excessive mechanical complexity and/or electronic complexity. These complexities also may fail to achieve a suitable degree of shuffling, reordering or recompiling into a truly random order from one shuffling process to another. Accordingly, there is still a need for improved automated shuffling machines for playing cards that produce reordering of card decks in a manner which is closer to true randomness and which is more difficult for skilled card players to decipher to change the odds so as to be relatively favorable to the player versus unfavorable portions of a deck or decks of cards.

One casino game commonly called blackjack or 21 is known to be susceptible to card counting and casinos are routinely spending significant amounts of money trying to prevent card counters from taking advantage of non-random sequences in the decks held within a dealing shoe that holds the decks being dealt. Poker has also grown in popularity and is played with a single deck which makes any knowledge of cards of potential significance to a player.

The inventions shown and described herein may be used to address one or more of such problems or other problems not set out herein and/or which are only understood or appreciated at a later time. The future may also bring to light currently unknown or unrecognized benefits which may be appreciated or more fully appreciated in association with the inventions shown and described herein. The desires and expected benefits explained herein are not admissions that others have recognized such prior needs since invention and discovery are both inventive under the law and may relate to the inventions described herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred forms, configurations, embodiments and/or diagrams relating to and helping to describe preferred aspects and versions of the inventions are explained and characterized herein, often with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings and all features shown therein also serve as part of the disclosure of the inventions of the current document, whether described in text or merely by graphical disclosure alone. Such drawings are briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a control system according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram depicting an operational sequence according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 4 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 5 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 6 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 7 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 8 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 9 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 10 is a side diagrammatic elevational view of an apparatus according to at least one alternative embodiment of the inventions.

FIG. 11 is a side diagrammatic elevational view of an alternative means for biasing a card array.

FIG. 12 is a side diagrammatic elevational view of the mechanism of FIG. 11 with playing cards shown.

FIG. 13 is a side diagrammatic elevational view of a further alternative mechanism for biasing the array of playing cards.

FIG. 14 is a side diagrammatic elevational view similar to FIG. 13 with an array of playing cards therein.

FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic elevational view showing another alternative construction for intermittently supporting the array of playing cards.

FIG. 16 is a top view of the subject matter shown in FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a still further version of the invention.

FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic elevational view of another version of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A table of sections of this detailed description follows.

TABLE OF DETAILED DESCRIPTION SUBSECTIONS

INTRODUCTORY NOTES

GENERAL OVERVIEW

CARD SUPPORTS

CARD AND REST POSITIONER

EXCITER

CARD RECEIVER

CONTROLLER

HOUSING

ALTERNATIVE SUPPORT BIASING OF UNSHUFFLED CARD ARRAY

ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENT—GATED UNSHUFFLED ARRAY GATED SUPPORT OPERATION

ALTERNATIVE ASPECTS AND CONFIGURATIONS

METHODS AND MANNERS OF USE

MANNER AND MATERIALS OF MAKING

Introductory Notes

The readers of this document should understand that the embodiments described herein may rely on terminology used in any section of this document and other terms readily apparent from the drawings and the language common therefor as may be known in a particular art and such as known or indicated and provided by dictionaries. Dictionaries were used in the preparation of this document. Widely known and used in the preparation hereof are Webster's Third New International Dictionary (© 1993), The Oxford English Dictionary (Second Edition, © 1989), and The New Century Dictionary (© 2001-2005), all of which are hereby incorporated by reference for interpretation of terms used herein and for application and use of words defined in such references to more adequately or aptly describe various features, aspects and concepts shown or otherwise described herein using more appropriate words having meanings applicable to such features, aspects and concepts.

This document is premised upon using one or more terms with one embodiment that may also apply to other embodiments for similar structures, functions, features and aspects of the inventions. Wording used in the claims is also descriptive of the inventions, and the text and meaning of the claims and abstract are hereby incorporated by reference into the description in their entirety as originally filed. Terminology used with one, some or all embodiments may be used for describing and defining the technology and exclusive rights associated herewith.

The readers of this document should further understand that the embodiments described herein may rely on terminology and features used in any suitable section or embodiment shown in this document and other terms readily apparent from the drawings and language common or proper therefor. This document is premised upon using one or more terms or features shown in one embodiment that may also apply to or be combined with other embodiments for similar structures, functions, features and aspects of the inventions and provide additional embodiments of the inventions.

General Overview

FIG. 1 shows one preferred playing card shuffler apparatus 100 according to the inventions. The shuffler apparatus is adapted to shuffle a plurality of playing cards, which have been omitted from FIG. 1 for clarity. The apparatus is made up of several subassemblies or subsystems. As shown in FIG. 1, the sections include an entry section wherein cards are placed into the shuffler, a staging section where unshuffled cards are held, a controlled drop section through which cards that are positioned on-edge drop in a fashion preferably facilitated by vibratory action, an intermediate or medial section through which any guiding or directing of dropped cards are affected in their movement toward a collection section wherein the dropped cards are collected and recompiled, and an egress section from which the recompiled or shuffled cards are withdrawn for use in playing the card game or games of interest.

Shuffler 100 includes at least one card support or supporters 110, a repositioner 120, an exciter 130, a receiver 140, a controller 150, and a housing 160. An overview of each of these components is provided immediately below, followed by a more detailed individual description further below.

Still referring to FIG. 1, the supporter 110 functions to support the cards that are to be shuffled. More specifically, the supporter supports the cards in a position substantially above the receiver 140. The repositioner 120 functions to reposition the supported cards relative to the receiver 140. The exciter 130 is configured to impart vibration to the supported cards. The receiver 140 is adapted to receive one or more cards dropped from the supporter. Preferably, the receiver 140 is advantageously configured to receive only one card at a time from the supporter. The controller 150 functions to control various operational aspects of the apparatus 100. The housing 160 can have one or more functions including, but not limited to, that of a chassis or frame to support one or more of the other components of the apparatus.

During a typical use of the apparatus 100, at least one deck of playing cards can be placed into the housing so as to rest on the supporter 110 in a preferably upstanding orientation. The repositioner 120 is activated to move the supported cards to a first randomly selected position above the receiver 140. The exciter 130 is activated to produce a mechanical vibration. This vibration is of a frequency and amplitude sufficient to cause playing cards to dance, or otherwise vibrate, on the supporter 110. For example, the vibration can give the cards an appearance of floating just above the support or the vibration may be almost or totally unperceivable by the naked eye.

One of the playing cards that is positioned substantially directly above the receiver 140 will preferably drop down into the receiver during operation of the apparatus 100. When a card has dropped into the receiver, the receiver is blocked so that no other cards can enter the receiver. After the first card has dropped into, and is held within, the receiver 140, the repositioner 120 shifts or moves the supported cards to a second randomly selected position above the receiver. After the supported cards are repositioned, the receiver 140 is controlled to release the first card. For example, the receiver can be configured to help guide the card into a card collector 161. Releasing the first card from the receiver 140 unblocks the receiver. More specifically, when the first card is released from the receiver, the receiver is now able to receive a second card.

Accordingly, a second card drops into the receiver 140 from the supporter 110. The second card is held in the receiver so that the receiver is now blocked again, preventing any other cards from entering the receiver. After the second card drops into the receiver 140, the repositioner 120 is again activated to move or shift the supported cards to a third randomly selected position substantially above the receiver. The second card is then released from the receiver, thus allowing a third card to drop into the receiver from the support. The second card is preferably placed onto the first card to begin forming a recompiled or shuffled array or stack of cards 20 (See FIG. 9). The third card is likewise preferably stacked on top of the second card. This operation can be continued as desired to randomly reorder the deck or decks of cards. In practice, the apparatus can be configured to repetitively perform steps of the operation very quickly.

Card Supports

As mentioned above with reference to FIG. 1, the apparatus 100 includes a card support 110. The card support preferably includes a card rest 111. The card rest 111 is adapted to support the cards to be shuffled in an orientation which is on-edge. The card support 110 can include a support surface 112. The support surface 112 is preferably defined on the rest 111. Playing cards that are to be shuffled can contact the support surface 112 while being supported on the card support 110. More specifically, the cards to be shuffled can be supported on the support surface 112. The support surface 112 is preferably substantially flat and/or straight as depicted. The apparatus 100 can be configured such that the support surface 112 is in a substantially horizontal orientation during normal operation of the apparatus 100.

The card support 110 can include one or more edge guides 113. Preferably, the card support includes a pair of edge guides, between which the cards to be shuffled are positioned and advantageously supported such as at the ends laterally. The card support is preferably configured to support the cards in a substantially upstanding orientation. More specifically, the card support 110 is preferably configured to support playing cards on-edge. According to the preferred embodiment of the inventions, cards to be shuffled are supported in an orientation substantially normal to the support surface and substantially normal to the one or more edge guides 113. It is to be understood, however, that the descriptions and depictions provided herein are not intended to limit the shape and/or orientation of one or more components of the card support 110. For example, it should be understood that the support rest surface 112 need not be substantially flat, and that the support rest surface need not be substantially horizontal. The face and end lateral support may also vary in shape and orientation. The bottom or rest support surface 112 can have at least one of a number of possible shapes, contours and/or orientations.

One or more components of the card support 110 can be designed and/or configured to have at least one resonant frequency, or a range of resonant frequencies. The resonant frequency can be selected to desirably affect imparting vibratory action to the cards supported by the card supports. For example, a resonant frequency can be selected to enhance vibration that is produced by the exciter 130, and which is imparted to the playing cards, such as via rest 111.

With continued reference to FIG. 1, one or more card apertures 114 is or are preferably defined in the card rest 111 as depicted. The aperture preferably passes through the support surface 112. The card aperture can be configured substantially in the manner of a slot through which at least one playing card can pass. Preferably, the card aperture 114 is configured to allow passage of only one card at a time. More specifically, the width of the card aperture is greater than the thickness of a single playing card, but less than twice the thickness of a single playing card. Aperture 114 as shown is preferably substantially straight. The aperture 114 has a width that is preferably substantially constant along its length.

The card drop aperture or apertures in the rest 111 can be configured in a manner wherein the aperture is selectively operable. Such aperture or apertures may be configured to be selectively opened and closed or blocked and unblocked according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. For example, the rest can be made up of two portions. The two portions of the rest can be made to move together to substantially close or block the card drop aperture or apertures.

Conversely, two portions of the card support rest can be made to move away from each other to form a card drop aperture or apertures. Alternatively, one or more gate elements such as described below can be included. Such a gate element or elements can be adapted to move relative to the rest so as to selectively close or block the card drop aperture.

Preferably, the card rest 111 is adapted to support playing cards until the cards are released through one or more apertures 114. In accordance with at least one preferred embodiment of the inventions, the card rest is adapted to support playing cards on-edge. For example, the card rest 111 can be adapted to support playing cards in a substantially upright or upstanding orientation. It is to be understood that when playing cards are supported on-edge by the card rest 111, the cards need not be truly vertical. For example, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the inventions, the card rest 111 is adapted to support playing cards on-edge, wherein the cards are not truly vertical. For example, the card rest can be adapted to support playing cards on-edge in a oblique or leaning, non-vertical, or acceptably tilted orientation which can vary dependent upon the specific construction of each shuffling machine.

The card rest 111 is preferably adapted to selectively impart a vibratory action to playing cards supported on the card rest. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the inventions, the card rest 111 is adapted to selectively impart a vibratory action to playing cards while the cards are supported on-edge by the card rest. For example, the card rest 111 can be caused to vibrate, which in turn, can impart a vibratory action to playing cards supported thereon. Vibratory action can preferably be imparted to the card rest 111 by the exciter 130, which is described in greater detail below.

The preferred vibratory action imparted to playing cards by the card rest 111 may cause the cards to have an appearance of dancing or floating on the card rest 111 and/or support surface 112. The vibratory action is operable at a range of frequencies, such as in the order of 10-100,000 Hz, more preferably 100-10,000 Hz, even more preferably 1000-10,000 Hz. The amplitude may be of varying amounts depending upon the dynamics of the rest and how it is mounted.

The vibratory action of the card rest can have at least one of a number of possible types of motions or movements. For example, the card rest 111 can be caused to vibrate with a substantially random motion. Alternatively, for example, the card rest can be caused to vibrate with a substantially defined or substantially repetitive motion. Vibratory motion of the card rest 111 can be of different types, such as substantially two-dimensional in nature. Alternatively, vibratory motion of the card rest 111 can be substantially three-dimensional.

Card and Rest Positioner

FIG. 1 also indicates the positioner 120 is shown as a component of the apparatus 100. The positioner functions to reposition or move in a relative manner the relative position of the array or upstanding playing cards relative to and supported by the card support 110. Preferably, the positioner 120 is adapted to reposition or move playing cards supported on the rest 111. More preferably, the positioner 120 is configured to reposition or move playing cards supported on the support surface 112. The positioner is preferably adapted to reposition or move supported playing cards relative to the receiver 140, which is described in greater detail hereinbelow. Preferably, the positioner 120 is adapted to move or reposition supported playing cards relative to the aperture or slot 114.

The positioner 120 can include one or more positioner guides or face guides 121. The face guide 121 is adapted to contact a face of playing cards supported on the support 110. More specifically, the face guide 121 is adapted to contact and/or engage a top side and/or bottom side or face of playing cards supported on the support 110. According to the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the face guide 121 is substantially parallel to playing cards supported on the support 110. Preferably, the face guide 121 is substantially perpendicular or normal to the edge guide 113. The face guide 121 is preferably substantially perpendicular to the support surface 112. The face guide 121 can be substantially in the form of a flat plate in one form of the inventions.

The face guide defines a contact surface or face 122. The face 122 is preferably substantially flat. The face 122 is adapted to contact a flat side of playing cards supported on the support 110. More specifically, the face 122 is adapted to contact and/or engage a top side and/or bottom side or face of playing cards supported on the support 110. According to the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the face 122 is substantially parallel to playing cards supported on the support 110. The face 122 is substantially perpendicular or normal to the edge guide 113 as depicted. As shown, the face guide 122 is substantially perpendicular to the support surface.

The positioner 120 can include a pair of face guides 121. The pair of face guides 121 is preferably maintained in juxtaposed orientation relative to each other. More preferably, the pair of guides 121 is preferably maintained in a substantially parallel juxtaposed orientation, as shown. The pair of face guides 121 are preferably maintained in a spaced apart relationship. More specifically, each of the pair of guides 121 is preferably located on opposing sides of playing cards supported on the rest 111. For example, supported playing cards are preferably located between the pair of repositioning guides 121.

The spacing between the pair of guides is preferably variable. Such variable spacing between the guides can facilitate keeping supported cards in an upstanding orientation as the number of supported cards changes. For example, as the apparatus 100 shuffles playing cards, the number of playing cards supported on the rest 111 will decrease. Thus, as the number of supported playing cards decreases, the repositioning guides may in controlled response, move closer to each other to compensate for the decrease in the number of supported cards.

The positioner 120 can include at least one actuator 123. The actuator is preferably adapted to actuate or move at least one positioner guide 121. According to a preferred embodiment of the inventions, the actuator 123 is connected or linked to at least one face guide 121. For example, the positioner actuator 123 can be a linear actuator as depicted. Preferably, the positioner 120 includes a pair of actuators 123 as shown. More preferably, the positioner includes a pair of face guides 121 and a pair of actuators 123, wherein each actuator is exclusively associated with one of the face guides, as depicted. More specifically, each of the face guides is individually movable or repositionable according to the preferred embodiment of the inventions. Most preferably, each of the face guides 121 is individually movable or repositionable by way of an associated actuator 123.

According to the preferred embodiment of the inventions, the positioner guides 121 are adapted to reposition supported playing cards by pushing and/or sliding the cards along the rest 111 and/or the support surface 112. Such repositioning of supported cards is preferably performed while vibratory action is imparted to the cards by the exciter 130, which is described in greater detail below. The positioner guides 121 are adapted to reposition or move supported playing cards as well as being adapted to move relative to each other. By moving relative to each other, the guides 121 are able to vary the spacing between them to account for varying numbers of supported cards.

Exciter

With continued reference to FIG. 1, the apparatus 100 includes at least one exciter 130. The exciter is adapted to impart vibratory action in playing cards supported by the card support 110. Preferably, the exciter is adapted to impart vibratory action to playing cards supported by the card rest 111. More preferably, the exciter is configured to impart vibratory action to playing cards supported on the support surface 112. In accordance with at least one embodiment of the inventions, the exciter 130 is adapted to impart vibratory action to the card rest 111. For example, imparting vibratory action to the card rest 111 can be accomplished in a manner wherein vibratory action is, in turn, imparted from the card rest 111 to playing cards supported thereon. Thus, according to at least one embodiment of the inventions, the exciter 130 is adapted to impart vibratory action to playing cards by imparting vibratory action to the card rest 111, which in turn imparts vibratory action to cards supported thereon.

The exciter 130 is preferably adapted to create a mechanical vibration. The vibration created by the exciter can be at least one of a number of possible types of vibration. For example, the vibration created by the exciter 130 can be substantially two-dimensional in nature. Alternatively, the vibration created by the exciter 130 can be substantially three-dimensional in nature. As a further example, the vibration created by the exciter 130 can consist of substantially random vibratory motion. Alternatively, vibratory motion of the exciter can be substantially regular and/or repetitive in nature. The vibratory action created by the exciter can be of a relatively high-frequency. The vibratory action created by the exciter may be of a relatively low-amplitude. Preferably, the vibratory action created by the exciter 130 is of substantially high frequency and low amplitude. More preferably, the vibratory action created by the exciter is of a frequency and/or amplitude that causes supported cards to behave in a manner that is advantageous to the operation of the apparatus 100 as described herein.

The exciter 130 is preferably connected to the card support 110. For example, the exciter can be connected and/or linked with the card rest 111, as shown. The exciter is preferably connected with at least a portion of the card support 110 so as to impart vibratory action from the exciter to playing cards supported on the support 110. According to the exemplary embodiment of the inventions, the exciter 130 is connected to and/or mounted directly on the card support 110. For example, the exciter can be connected to and/or mounted directly on the card rest 111, as shown. According to an alternative embodiment of the inventions, the exciter 130 is substantially integrated with the card support 110.

The exciter 130 can be configured to operate according to at least one of various possible manners of creating vibratory action, both known and yet to be discovered. Such manners of creating vibratory action can include, for example, mechanical means, electrical means, and electro-mechanical means, among others. For example, one way of creating vibratory action is by employing a rotary actuator (not shown) such as a rotary motor to rotate a weight that is eccentrically positioned relative to its axis of rotation. Another example of creating vibratory action is to subject a movable ferric object (not shown) to an electro-magnetic field of dynamically alternating polarity to cause the ferric object to oscillate or vibrate. In accordance with at least one embodiment of the inventions, the frequency and/or the amplitude of the vibratory action created by the exciter 130 is selectively adjustable.

Card Receiver

Still referring to FIG. 1, the card receiver 140 is included in the apparatus 100. The card receiver is adapted to receive at least one playing card from the card support 110. Preferably, the card receiver 140 is adapted to receive only one playing card at a time. For example, the card receiver 140 can be sized and/or otherwise configured so that no more than one playing card at a time can be received into the card receiver. The receiver 140 includes a slot or space 149 into which one or more playing cards are received from the card support 110. The card space 149 of the receiver can have one of a number of possible specific configurations. The receiver 140 is adapted to receive and hold one or more playing cards in the card space 149. In some embodiments, the receiver 149 is adapted to selectively retain one or more received playing cards within the card space 149.

The receiver 140 can include a card stop 143. The card stop 143 preferably defines at least a portion of the card space 149 and is within the intermediate or medial section. The handling of the dropped card or cards in the medial section can have a number of different configurations. For example, the card stop 143 can define a lower end of the card drop space 149. Placement or location of the card stop 143 relative to the support surface 112 can be of significance to the operation of the apparatus 100. Specifically, the card stop is preferably located to be a certain distance from the support surface 112, wherein the distance is substantially equal to either a length or a width of playing cards being shuffled. More preferably, when a playing card has been received into the receiver 140 from the support 110, an upper edge of the received playing card is substantially even, or flush, with the support surface 112. The significance of this aspect of the inventions becomes clearer in view of later description with respect to the operation of the apparatus 100.

The receiver 140 can include one or more guides. For example, the receiver can include a first guide portion 141 and a second guide portion 142. The receiver guides or guide portions 141, 142 can define at least part of the card space or card slot 149 into which a playing card is received from the support. Preferably, the card space 149 is substantially straight as depicted. The card space 149 is preferably substantially vertical in orientation, as is also depicted. The card space is preferably substantially directly below the card aperture 114. According to the exemplary embodiment of the invention depicted in FIG. 1, a playing card is dropped from the support surface 112 through the aperture 114, and is received into the card space 149 between the first guide portion 141 and the second guide portion 142. The received playing card is preferably supported substantially upon the stop 143 such that a bottom edge of the received card rests upon the stop and an opposite upper edge of the received card is substantially flush or even with the support surface 112.

As shown, receiver 140 preferably includes at least one receiver actuator 145. The receiver actuator can be a linear actuator such as a linear solenoid, for example. The receiver actuator 145 is preferably selectively controlled. The receiver actuator 145 can be adapted for selective control by the controller 150, as is described in greater detail hereinbelow. The receiver 140 can include a link or linkage 144. The link can be connected to the receiver actuator 145, as depicted. More specifically, link 144 can be operably connected to the actuator 145 for selective movement of the link. The link can be connected to at least one portion of the receiver guides such as the second guide portion 142, as shown.

The link can include a bottom guide 148. The bottom guide is adapted to contact and/or engage a received playing card that is retained in the card space 149. The actuator 145 along with the link 144 and bottom guide 148 can make up and/or form portions of a release mechanism. The second guide portion 142 can be included in such a release mechanism. Specifically, the actuator 145 together with the link 144, bottom guide 148 and second guide portion can be configured to facilitate release of a playing card retained in the card space 149. For example, according to the exemplary embodiment of the inventions, the actuator 145 can be activated to move the link 144 toward the first guide portion 141.

Movement of the link 144 toward the first guide portion 141 can cause the second guide portion 142 to move away from the first guide portion 141, while at the same time causing the bottom guide 148 to push a lower end of the retained card away from the first guide portion and past the stop 143. This operation is described hereinbelow in greater detail. Such an operation of the actuator 145 and link 144 in this manner can cause release of a retained playing card from the card space 149. A playing card released from the retained position in the card receiver 140 can cause the card to fall into a collector 161. Following release of a retained playing card, the actuator 145 can be activated to return to the original position shown in FIG. 1. With the second guide portion 142 and bottom guide 148 in their original respective positions, the receiver 140 is ready to receive another playing card from the support 110.

The receiver 140 can include at least one card sensor 146. The card sensor 146 can be adapted to detect presence of a playing card which has dropped into the medial zone. More specifically, in accordance with the exemplary apparatus depicted in FIG. 1, the sensor 146 can be adapted to detect that a playing card is present and/or is retained within the card space 149. Such detection of a playing card retained within the card space can facilitate operation of the apparatus 100. For example, a playing card can be allowed to drop from the support 110 into the card space 149 of the receiver 140.

The sensor 146 is adapted to detect that a playing card is fully received into the medial card space. The sensor 146 can send a signal to the controller 150 in response to detecting that a playing card has been fully dropped onto the stop and received into the card space 149. When the controller receives this signal from the sensor, the controller can, in response, activate the guide or director 120 to reposition playing cards supported by the support 110.

Although not preferred it is also possible that the sensor 146 can be employed to detect the absence of any playing card or cards from the stopped medial position in card space 149. This can be accomplished by configuring the controller 150 to recognize that all cards have been shuffled when the sensor 146 or other sensor so indicate presence or absence of playing card in the card space or at other locations not believed preferred at this time.

It is noted that the receiver 140 is depicted as being separate and distinct from the support 110 and/or other components of the apparatus 100. However, it is to be understood that one or more portions of the receiver can be at least substantially integral with one or more portions of the support 110. For example, in accordance with at least one alternative embodiment of the inventions, the first guide portion 141 is integral and/or connected with the rest 111. Similarly, the aperture 114 can be at least partially integrated with the receiver 140 according to at least one embodiment of the inventions.

Controller

With reference now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the apparatus 100 can include a controller 150. The controller can be at least a portion of a control system 200, which can include at least one additional component, such as but not limited to, the positioner actuator 123, the exciter 130, the receiver actuator 145, the sensor 146, and the user interface 151. The controller 150 and/or the control system 200 is adapted to perform one or more various control functions in facilitation of operation of the apparatus 100. Examples of various control functions that can be performed by the controller 150 and/or the control system 200 are provided further below with respect to description of operation of the apparatus 100.

The controller 150 can be supported on or mounted to the housing 160. The controller can be mounted within the housing or on the exterior of the housing. The controller 150 can include a user interface 151. The user interface is preferably configured to facilitate input of operational commands by a user of the apparatus 100. For example, the user interface 151 can include and/or can be substantially in the form of a switch. Such a switch can be an on/off switch, a stop/start switch, or a power switch for example. The user interface 151 can be adapted for other input commands. For example, the user interface can be adapted to input and/or select optional dimensions or other characteristics of playing cards to be shuffled. Specifically, for example, the user interface 151 can be substantially in the form of a control panel having multiple command input parameters available to a user of the apparatus 100.

In a further alternative version, the need for controls may be eliminated or simplified to a great degree. The shuffler machine may be constructed so as to sense when a card array in input and then merely automatically perform the shuffling process as a result of a sensor that detects cards placed within the input supports.

The controller 150 can include an enclosure 152. The user interface 151 can be mounted on, or supported by, the enclosure 152. A processor 153 is preferably included as part of the controller 150. The processor can be a digital processor such as a microprocessor or the like. The processor 153 is preferably contained within the enclosure 152. The controller 150 preferably includes a computer readable memory 154. The computer readable memory is preferably housed within the enclosure 152. The processor 153 and the computer readable memory 154 are preferably linked for signal transmission. More specifically, the processor is preferably able to read data and/or computer executable instructions 155 from the computer readable memory 154. According to at least one embodiment of the inventions, the processor 153 is able to write or store data in the computer readable memory 154. The controller 150 can include a random number generator 156. The random number generator can be adapted to facilitate generation of random positions of the supported playing cards, as is described in greater detail hereinbelow. The random number generator 156 can be integral with the processor 153 and/or the computer executable instructions 155.

The controller 150 can be linked for signal transmission to one or more components of the apparatus 100. More specifically, the control system 200 and/or the apparatus 100 can include at least one communication link 159 adapted to facilitate signal transmission between the controller 150 and other components of the apparatus and/or control system. For example, the controller can be linked for signal transmission with one or more of the positioner actuators 123, the exciter 130, the receiver actuator 145 and the sensor 146. The controller 150 can be linked for signal transmission with an optional aperture actuator 119 that is shown in FIG. 2. According to an alternative embodiment of the inventions, the apparatus 100 and/or the control system 200 can include the aperture actuator 119 to selectively open and close (or block and unblock) at least one card aperture 114 (shown in FIG. 1). The controller 150 can include various electrical and/or electronic components that are not shown, such as but not limited to, relays, timers, counters, indicators, switches, sensors and electrical power sources.

The controller 150 is preferably adapted to facilitate operation and/or function of one or more components to which it is linked for signal transmission. For example, the controller 150 can be adapted to send on and off signals to the exciter 130. The controller 150 can be adapted to send control signals to at least one actuator, including, but not limited to one or more positioner actuators 123, receiver actuators 145, and aperture actuators 119 (shown in FIG. 2). For example, the controller 150 is preferably adapted to control positioning and/or activation of one or more actuators. The controller is preferably configured to receive and/or process input commands and/or data from the user interface 151. Preferably, the controller 150 is adapted to receive and/or process signals generated by the sensor 146. The controller 150 is preferably adapted to generate and/or determine random positions of the supported cards, and to command the positioner 120 to move the supported cards to the randomly generated positions.

Housing

With reference to FIG. 1, the apparatus 100 includes at least one housing 160. The housing can function as a chassis or frame for one or more additional components of the apparatus 100. More specifically, one or more components of the apparatus 100 can be mounted on, or supported by, the housing 160. For example, the housing is preferably adapted to support one or more of the card support 110, the positioner 120, the exciter 130, the receiver 140, and the controller 150. The housing 160 can be adapted to function as an enclosure for one or more components of the apparatus 100, wherein the housing is adapted to substantially protect the enclosed components from damage and/or contamination. More specifically, one or more components of the apparatus can be enclosed within the housing 160 to decrease likelihood of damage and/or contamination. For example, the housing is preferably adapted to enclose one or more of the card support 110, the positioner 120, the exciter 130, the receiver 140, and the controller 150.

The housing 160 can include one or more features to facilitate operation and/or use of the apparatus 100. For example, the housing can include a card collector 161. The card collector 161 is preferably adapted to catch and/or collect playing cards released from the receiver 140. The card collector can be configured to form a stack of collected playing cards. For example, the card collector 161 can be sloped or tilted to facilitate collection of playing cards into a substantially orderly stack. According to at least one embodiment of the inventions, the card collector 161 is adapted to vibrate. Such vibration of the card collector can facilitate collection of playing cards and/or formation of an orderly stack of collected and shuffled playing cards. For example, the exciter 130 can be configured to impart vibratory action to the card collector 161.

The housing 160 can have at least one opening 162. The opening can serve one or more of a number of possible uses or purposes. For example, the opening 162 can be adapted to provide for placing a deck of cards into the card support 110. The housing 160 preferably has at least one other opening (not shown) proximate the card collector 161 to facilitate retrieval of the shuffled cards from the card collector. Still other openings (not shown) in the housing 160 can be provided for one or more of a number of purposes. For example, at least one opening (not shown) can be provided in the housing to facilitate access to one or more components for repair and/or maintenance.

The housing 160 has a lower end 168 and an opposite upper end 169. The lower end 168 preferably includes and/or forms a base for contacting or engaging a support surface such as a tabletop, counter top or shelf (not shown). Preferably, at least one opening 162 is positioned near the upper end 169 as shown to facilitate placement of playing cards into the card support 110. The card support 110 is preferably proximate the upper end 169. The card collector 161 is preferably proximate the lower end 168. The receiver 140 is preferably situated substantially between the card support 110 and the card collector 161, as depicted. According to at least one preferred embodiment of the inventions, the housing 160 is configured so that the support surface 112 is substantially horizontal under normal operating conditions, as shown.

Alternative Support Biasing of Unshuffled Card Array

FIGS. 11 and 12 show an alternative mechanism for biasing the array of upstanding cards. The card support or support 110 is fitted with one or more gravity biasing mechanisms 301. As shown, mechanism 301 has a pivot 302. A counterbalancing weight 303 is forced downward by gravity to swing the contact arm 306 against the upstanding unshuffled card array 320.

The contact arm 306 is advantageously formed in a convex shape as seen from the array of cards 320. This minimizes any potential wear or marking of the cards. It also applies a relatively light force automatically without precise control of a stepper motor. However, precise control may not be necessary since friction between the cards is minimal and sufficiently low to allow individual cards to drop through the card drop aperture without sufficient impedance such that dropping due to gravity occurs. The vibratory action of the unshuffled card array further reduces any impedance against dropping since the coefficient of friction is typically lower in a dynamic or moving relationship versus the static coefficient of friction. Thus, one advantage of the preferred shufflers is that the vibratory action has the cards effectively floating due to the vibratory excitation of the unshuffled card array.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a further alternative means for biasing the unshuffled card array. The means shown in these figures includes a ball 401. Ball 401 is positioned on a lateral guide 402 which is sloped toward the unshuffled card input support chamber 403. As illustrated in FIG. 14, ball 401 is biased or forced by gravity to apply a lateral component of force to the unshuffled card array 420. A relatively small amount of force is currently preferred, such as a small ball of light weight. One possible form is a ping-pong ball or other small ball or other shape which can urge the unshuffled card array using gravity, a spring (not shown) or other suitable biasing means which apply a relatively small amount of force to keep the unshuffled card array in a sufficiently upstanding orientation to facilitate dropping through the card drop apertures and into the medial zone of the shuffling machine.

Alternative Embodiment Gated Unshuffled Array Gated Support

FIGS. 15 and 16 show pertinent features of a further alternative embodiment of shuffling machine 500 according to the inventions hereof. FIG. 15 shows the unshuffled array 530 in phantom. The array is supported alternatively by the rest 512 and movable gates 567 on opposing sides (ends of cards as shown).

The shuffler 500 has lateral supports 113 that may be provided with flanges 572 which can be constructed to slide within support channels 573. This construction allows the lateral supports to move with the unshuffled deck 530. The relative motion may in fact involve motion of the supports and cards, the cards relative to the supports or both the supports and cards to move relative to a fixed reference point and relative to the card drop slot or slots 514.

Rest 512 is as shown provided with two card drop slots 514 formed in the rest or rests 512. A pair of gate pieces 567 are mounted to slide inwardly and outwardly upon the support deck 512 using actuators (not shown but similar to 123 or suitable alternatives thereof). When the gate pieces are controlled to slide inwardly the rounded corners of the playing cards on the bottom are engaged and supported on the gate pieces thus preventing them from dropping through slots 514. Thus the unshuffled array may be lifted slightly and relative motion between the card array and drop slots is performed and then the gates are opened by moving them outwardly and cards may then drop through the slots 514.

This construction may be controlled or configured so that the gating action occurs independently for each drop slot relative to the other drop slot. Furthermore, they can be simultaneously dropped and the guiding parts contained in the medial section may appropriately accommodate the recompiling of the cards.

Operation

With reference now to FIG. 3, a flow diagram depicts a sequence of operational steps 300 that can be carried out by one or more components of the apparatus 100 according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. With reference to FIGS. 1-3, the sequence 300 moves from a starting point 301 to step 303, wherein a plurality of playing cards is placed onto the card support 110. The step of placing the cards into the apparatus according to step 303 can be accomplished by a user of the apparatus. The starting point 301 can include turning the apparatus on, or initializing the apparatus. This can be accomplished by the user. For example, the user can turn the apparatus on or initialize the apparatus by manipulating the user interface 151.

The next step 305 is to command the positioner 120 to grip the supported cards. In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the inventions, an optional aperture actuator 119 (shown in FIG. 2) is commanded to close or block the card aperture 114 (shown in FIG. 1). This step of generating and transmitting command signals can be carried out by the controller 150. From step 305, the sequence moves to a step 307 that includes generating a start position of the supported cards relative to the card aperture 114, and commanding the positioner 120 to move the supported cards to the start position. The start position is preferably randomly determined. This step of generating the start position and commanding the positioner 120 to move the supported cards can be accomplished by the controller 150.

The sequence 300 moves next to a step 309 of activating the exciter 130. More specifically, the exciter is turned on or operated so as to impart vibrational action to the supported cards. The step of activating the exciter can be carried out by the controller 150. The step 309 of activating the exciter can have other alternative positions in the sequence 300. For example, the step of activating the exciter can be the first step of the sequence. Once the exciter is turned on, the sequence moves to a step 311 of commanding the positioner 120 to release the supported cards. In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the inventions, the optional aperture actuator 119 (shown in FIG. 2) is commanded to open/unblock the card aperture 114 (shown in FIG. 1). This step 311 can be performed by the controller 150. From step 311, the sequence 300 moves to step 313 during which a counter is initialized to unity. More specifically, for example, a variable “n” is set to a value of “1” according to this step, which can be accomplished by the controller 150.

From the step 313, the operational sequence 300 moves to a query 315. The query 315 asks whether the nth card is detected in the receiver 140. More specifically, the query 315 asks whether the nth card has dropped into a fully received position within the card receiver 140. This query 315 can be performed by the controller 150 in conjunction with the sensor 146. For example, the sensor looks for a card to drop into a fully received position within the card space 149. When the sensor 146 detects the presence of the card, the sensor transmits a signal to the controller 150 by way of the respective communication link 159. The controller receives the signal from the sensor as indication that the nth card has been fully received into the receiver 140.

If the answer to the query 315 is “yes,” then the sequence 300 proceeds to a step 317, wherein the nth position is randomly generated and the positioner 120 is commanded to move the supported cards to the nth random position. This step 317 can be performed by the controller 150, for example. From this step, the sequence 300 moves to a step 319, in accordance with which the receiver 140 is commanded to release the nth card. For example, the nth card is released from a retained position in the card space 149, and is allowed to drop into the card collector 161. This step of commanding the receiver to release the nth card can be performed by the controller 150, for example. From the step 319, the sequence proceeds to a step 321, wherein the counter is incrementally increased to the next value. Specifically, the value of the variable, “n” is increased by a value of one.

From the step 321, the sequence returns to the query 315 described above. As is described above, if the answer to the query 315 is “yes,” then the steps 317, 318, 319 and 321 are repeated. For example, the steps 317-321 of generating the nth random position for the supported cards, moving the supported cards to the nth random position, releasing the nth card from the card receiver, and incrementing the counter, continue as long as the sensor 146 continues to detect the nth card being fully received into a retained position within the card space 149. However, if the answer to the query 315 is “no,” then the sequence 300 proceeds to end point 323. For example, if the controller 150 does not receive a signal from the sensor 146 for a predetermined period of time (i.e., the sensor fails to detect the presence of a card being fully received into a retained position within the card space 149), then the controller will assume that there are no additional cards to process, and the controller will end the operational sequence.

Referring now to FIGS. 4-9, a series of elevational views of the apparatus 100 illustrates an operational sequence according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. With reference to FIG. 4, the apparatus 100 is shown in a card loading mode or status. With the apparatus in the loading mode, the positioner guides 121 are positioned to receive a deck of cards 10 through the loading opening 162. As shown, the plurality of cards 10 to be shuffled has been inserted through the loading opening 162 and has been set on the support 110. More specifically, the plurality of cards 10 to be shuffled has been placed on the support surface 112. According to the exemplary embodiment of the inventions, when the apparatus is in the loading mode, the cards 10 to be shuffled are not above the card aperture 114. More specifically, when in the loading mode the positioner guides 121 are offset relative to the card aperture 114, as shown, so that the card aperture is not below the supported cards 10.

Still referring to FIG. 4, the receiver actuator 145 is in a deactivated status. More specifically, the receiver actuator is in a position, wherein the link 144 is in a withdrawn position. With the link in a withdrawn position, the bottom guide 148 is also withdrawn as shown. The second guide portion 142 is in a card retention position, wherein the first guide portion 141 and the second guide portion together are configured to receive a card into the card space 149. Cards to be shuffled can be loaded by insertion of the cards through the loading opening 162 and placement of the cards onto the support surface 112. A user of the apparatus 100 can start the operational sequence of the apparatus after the cards are loaded into the apparatus 110. Commencement of the operational sequence can be affected by manipulation of the user interface 151, for example.

In response to commencement of the operational sequence, the positioner guides 121 are activated to grip the supported cards 10. Gripping of the supported cards 10 by the guides 121 can be accomplished, for example, by causing the positioner actuators 123 to cause the guides 121 to move and/or exert a force toward each other, thereby squeezing or trapping the cards therebetween. The exciter 130 is activated in response to commencement of the operational sequence. Activation of the exciter preferably causes the exciter to impart vibratory action to the supported cards 10. For example, as described above, the exciter 130 can be adapted to impart vibratory action to one or more components of the apparatus 100, such as the rest 110. In response to commencement of the operational sequence, the controller 150 can define a starting position of the cards 10 relative to the card aperture 114. This starting position of the cards is preferably randomly selected or generated. The controller can then command the positioner actuators 123 to cause the positioner guides 121 to move the cards 10 to the starting position, while also maintaining a grip on the cards.

With reference now to FIG. 5, it is seen that the cards 10 have been moved to the starting position. The starting position places the cards 10 above the card aperture 114. More specifically, when the cards are in the starting position, the cards are situated substantially above the card space 149. After the cards have been moved to the start position, the positioner preferably transmits a signal to the controller to indicate that the movement is complete. The controller 150 then preferably commands the positioner 120 to release its grip on the cards. This can be accomplished, for example, by commanding one or more of the positioner actuators 123 to move the positioner guides 121 away from each other so that substantially little force is exerted on the cards by the guides.

When the cards 10 are released by the positioner, the cards will come to rest substantially on the support surface 112. Preferably, vibrational action of the support surface will be imparted to the cards 10 supported thereon. Vibrational action is preferably imparted to the support surface by the exciter 130. Impartation of vibrational action to the supported cards 10 will preferably result in a first card 11 dropping from the support surface 112 through the aperture 114 into a retained position within the card space 149, as shown. After dropping through the card aperture 114 and into the card space 149, a lower edge of the first card 11 comes to rest substantially on the stop 143. When the first card 11 is resting substantially upon the stop 143, the first card has been substantially completely dropped and received into the medial receiver area.

With a lower edge of the first card 11 resting substantially on the stop 143, an opposite upper edge of the first card 11 is substantially flush or even with the support surface 112, as shown. With an upper edge of the first card being substantially even or flush with the support surface 112, the receiver 140 and/or the card aperture 114 is substantially blocked or closed so that no other cards can enter the receiver. The sensor 146 preferably detects that the first card 11 has dropped into a fully received position within the card space 149. In response to detecting presence of the first card 11, the sensor transmits a signal to the controller 150. The controller 150 receives the signal from the sensor and interprets the signal to indicate that the first card 11 has been fully received into the medial card space 149. In response to recognizing that the first card 11 has been received into the card space 149, the controller 150 randomly selects or generates a new position of the supported cards 10 relative to the card aperture 114. The controller can then command the positioner 120 to move the supported cards 10 to the new randomly selected position.

Turning now to FIG. 6, it is seen that the supported cards 10 have been moved to the new randomly selected position relative to the card aperture 114. The positioner 120 preferably transmits a signal to the controller 150 to indicate that movement of the cards 10 to the new randomly selected position is complete. The controller 150 then commands the receiver actuator 145 to activate. Activation of the receiver actuator 145 causes the first card 11 to be released and directed or guided from the card space 149 as shown. The first card 11 preferably drops from the receiver into the collector 161.

In some preferred versions of the invention, the dropping of first card 11 from the support rest into the receiver 140 causes the card aperture 114 to be opened or unblocked. With the card aperture 114 unblocked, and as a result of vibrational action of the supported cards 10, a second card 12 begins dropping through the card aperture and into the card space 149 as shown. Sensor 146 can advantageously detect the first card positioned in the card space 149, and transmit a signal to the controller 150 indicating that the first card is in the stopped position waiting to be directed or released or otherwise guided from the medial card space and into the collector.

Turning now to FIG. 7, it is seen that the second card 12 has been fully received into the receiver 140. More specifically, it is seen from a study of FIG. 4 that the second card has dropped through the card aperture 114, and a lower edge of the second card has come to rest substantially on the stop 143. With a lower edge of the second card 12 resting substantially on the stop 143, an opposite upper edge of the second card 12 is substantially flush or even with the support surface 112. With an upper edge of the second card 12 being substantially flush or even with the support surface 112, it is seen that the card aperture 114 is substantially blocked or closed by the second card. More specifically, with the second card 12 being in a fully retained position within the card receiver 140, the receiver is blocked so that no additional cards can drop and enter into the medial card space.

Further study of FIG. 7 shows that the first card 11 has come to rest within the card collector 161 after having been released from the receiver 140. The sensor 146 preferably detects that the second card 12 has dropped into a fully received position within the card space 149. In response to detecting presence of the second card 12, the sensor transmits a signal to the controller 150. The controller 150 receives the signal from the sensor and interprets the signal to indicate that the second card 12 has been fully received into the card space 149. In response to recognizing that the second card 12 has been received into the card space 149, the controller 150 randomly selects or generates a new position of the supported cards 10 relative to the card aperture 114. The controller can then command the positioner 120 to move the supported cards 10 to the new randomly selected position.

With reference now to FIG. 8, it is seen that the supported cards 10 have been moved to the new randomly selected position relative to the card aperture 114. The positioner 120 preferably transmits a signal to the controller 150 to indicate that movement of the cards 10 to the new randomly selected position is complete. The controller 150 then commands the receiver actuator 145 to activate. Activation of the receiver actuator 145 causes the second card 12 to be released from the drop card holding space as shown. The second card 12 preferably drops from the receiver into the collector 161. Release of the second card 12 from the receiver 140 causes the card aperture 114 to be opened or unblocked. With the card aperture 114 unblocked, and as a result of vibrational action of the supported cards 10, a third card 13 begins dropping through the card aperture and into the card space 149 as shown. The operational sequence described hereinabove can be continued as desired to shuffle a desired number of playing cards.

Turning now to FIG. 9, it is seen that the above-described operational sequence has continued to produce a stack of shuffled cards 20, which are held in the collector 161. The operational sequence continues with a retained card 19 shown in a fully received position in the card space 149, and a plurality of supported cards 10 remaining to be shuffled. It is seen that the quantity of supported cards 10 has been depleted as the result of continuation of the operational sequence of the apparatus 100. It can also be seen that the positioner guides 121 have been repositioned relative to each other. Specifically, the positioner guides 121 have moved closer to each other in response to depletion of the quantity of supported cards 10. In this manner, the positioner 120 facilitates maintaining the supported cards in a substantially upstanding orientation. Continued processing of the supported cards according to the operational sequence results in deposition of all cards in the card collector 161. More specifically, upon completion of processing of all cards according to the operational sequence, the shuffled cards can be retrieved from the card collector 161.

Alternative Aspects and Configurations

Turning now to FIG. 10, an elevational view shows an apparatus 300 according to an alternative embodiment of the inventions. The apparatus 300 preferably functions in a manner substantially similar to that of the apparatus 100. However, the apparatus 300 includes alternative aspects and or configurations of various components. For example, from a study of FIG. 10, it is seen that the user interface 151 can be mounted in a location relative to the housing 160, which is different from that of the apparatus 100 (shown in FIG. 1). The positioner guides 121 of the apparatus 300 can have a shape that is different from those of the apparatus 100. For example, the guides 121 of the apparatus 300 can be configured to overlap the loading opening 162, as is shown in FIG. 10. As a further example, the controller 150 can be located substantially within the housing 160, as shown in FIG. 10.

With continued reference to FIG. 10, the positioner 120 can include a rotary actuator 324, a lead screw 325 and a follower 326. The rotary actuator 324 can be, for example, a rotary electric motor such as a stepper motor or the like. The rotary actuator 324 is preferably fixedly supported by the housing 160. The motor 324 is configured to selectively drive or rotate the lead screw 325. Activation of the motor 324 is preferably controlled by the controller 150. The connector 326 is engaged with the externally threaded lead screw 325. A follower forming part of activator 324 is connected causing the lead screws to extend and retract the positioner guides 121. The motor can be selectively activated to rotate in the desired direction, which in turn, causes the lead screw to rotate. Rotation of the lead screw relative to the follower causes the follower and one or more of the guides 121 to move relative to the motor. In this manner, the guides 121 can be positionally controlled.

The exciter 130 can include a coil 131 and vibrational follower 132. The vibrational follower is preferably ferro-magnetic. The coil can be mounted on or supported by the housing 160. The vibrational follower 132 can be mounted on or supported by the rest 111. The vibrational follower can be substantially integral with the rest. The coil 131 can be subjected to intermittent direct current of a given polarity to cause vibrational movement of the vibrational follower 132. Alternatively, the coil 131 can be subjected to current of alternating polarity to cause vibrational movement of the vibrational follower. Such vibrational movement of the vibrational follower is preferably imparted to the rest 111, which in turn, imparts vibrational action to playing cards supported thereon.

With continued reference to FIG. 10, the receiver 140 can have a configuration that is substantially different from that of the apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the receiver 140 can include a cam lobe element 344. The cam lobe 344 can have a cross sectional shape substantially in the form of an ellipse, as shown. The cam lobe element can be rotationally supported by a shaft 349. The shaft 349 is preferably rotatably supported by the housing 160. The shaft 349 is preferably positioned in a manner to place the cam lobe substantially adjacent to the card space 149, into which a card 119 is dropped from the rest 111.

As shown in FIG. 10, the cam lobe 344 is in a card-retaining or card-receiving position, in which a card 119 is retained within the card space 149. More specifically, it is seen from a study of FIG. 10 that the cam lobe has a wider portion and a narrower portion because of its elliptical cross-sectional shape. It is also seen that when in the card-retaining position as shown, the cam lobe is rotationally oriented so that the narrower portion of the cam lobe is substantially adjacent to the card space 149. Thus, rotation of the cam lobe for approximately one-quarter of a turn can cause the wider portion of the cam lobe 144 to move into adjacency with the card space 149. Rotation of the cam lobe 344 approximately one-quarter of a turn will preferably cause release of the retained card 119 from the card space 149. More specifically, rotation of the cam lobe 344 will preferably cause the retained card 119 to be pushed from its retained position in the card space 149, and to fall into the collector 161.

FIG. 17 shows a further alternative embodiment of shuffler similar to shuffler 100 in almost all respects. The shuffler of FIG. 17 using a jet pulser 188 which emits from a nozzle 189 a jet or jets of air or other suitable gas 190. In operation, the dropping card is not stopped in the medial section but is directed by the jet or jets of gas so as to come to rest in the receiver 161.

FIG. 18 shows another medial guide configuration have a support piece 191 which is connected or mounted upon the frame or housing as is convenient. A guide wheel 192 having vanes 193 perform by directing and reorienting the dropping cards onto the stack being formed in the receiver 161.

Methods and Manners of Use

With reference to FIG. 1, a method of shuffling a plurality of playing cards 10 includes supporting the cards on an intake support surface 112. The method can include supporting the cards on a surface having at least one card aperture 114. The cards can be supported in a suitable orientation, for example, the cards can be supported substantially on-edge, an preferably upstanding.

Vibratory action is imparted to the cards. The vibratory action can be produced, for example, by an exciter 130, which is described herein above with respect to the apparatus 100. The method also includes allowing one or more cards to drop into a medial zone advantageously provided with a receiver 140. For example, one or more of the cards can be allowed to drop through the at least one card aperture in response to imparting the vibratory action to the cards.

In some methods, at least one of the dropped cards is retained within the receiver 140 in response to allowing the at least one card to drop. Retaining at least one of the cards includes retaining at least one of the cards so that the retained card substantially blocks the receiver 140 and/or the aperture 114. The method includes repositioning the supported cards relative to the receiver. Repositioning the cards preferably includes moving the supported cards to a randomly selected position relative to the receiver. The method includes releasing the retained card from the receiver in response to repositioning the supported cards. Repositioning of the supported cards can be accomplished substantially by the positioner or repositioner 120.

The method can include detecting that at least one card is being retained in the receiver. For example, this can include detecting that at least one card has been fully received into a retained position within the receiver. The process of detecting can be accomplished substantially by way of the sensor 146, for example. Repositioning of the supported cards 10 can be performed in response to detecting that at least one card is retained. Retaining the at least one card preferably includes holding the retained card in a position wherein an upper edge of the card is substantially flush or even with the support surface.

The method can include allowing a plurality of supported cards to sequentially drop into the receiver according to a random sequence. The method can also include sequentially retaining each of the dropped cards according to the random sequence. The supported cards can be repositioned during retention of each of the plurality of cards. The method can include sequentially releasing each of the retained cards according to the random sequence.

The method can include collecting cards that are released through the card aperture 114. The process of collecting the cards can be accomplished by a collector 161, which is described hereinabove with respect to the apparatus 100. The method can include forming a stack of the collected cards. The stack can be formed by the collector 161, according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. According to the method, the process of allowing the cards 10 to be released through the card aperture 114 includes allowing the cards to drop through the card aperture.

The process of allowing the cards 10 to be released through the card aperture 114 can include substantially blocking and/or unblocking the aperture, according to some preferred method.

Blocking and/or unblocking the card aperture 114 can also be accomplished, for example, by a gate system, which can include employing gates 567 to block and unblock the card aperture. The method can further include sensing whether the card aperture is blocked or unblocked. Selective control of whether the card aperture 120 is blocked or unblocked can be accomplished, at least in part, by a controller 150 and an aperture actuator 119, which are described hereinabove with respect to the apparatus 100.

According to at least one embodiment of the inventions, the apparatus 100 depicted in FIG. 1 can be used in the following manner. A plurality of cards 10 is selected and is placed onto the card rest 111. For example, the plurality of cards 10 can be substantially in the form of one or more decks of cards. Preferably, the cards 10 are placed onto the card support 110 so as to be substantially supported on the support surface 112. The cards can be supported by the card rest 111 in one or more of a variety of possible orientations, wherein the cards 10 are supported on the support surface 112 substantially on-edge. For example, the cards 10 can be supported in a substantially upright or upstanding orientation, which includes, but is not limited to, a substantially vertical orientation.

The apparatus 100 can be turned on or otherwise activated so as to be in an operational mode. An operational mode of the apparatus preferably include imparting vibratory action to the cards 10. Imparting vibratory action to the cards can include, but is not limited to, imparting vibratory action to the card rest 111. According to a preferred embodiment of the inventions, vibratory action is provided by the exciter 130. More preferably, the exciter is adapted to impart vibratory action to the cards 10 supported on the card rest 111. Additionally, or alternatively, the exciter 130 is adapted to impart vibratory action to the card rest 111.

Preferably, vibratory action imparted to the cards 10 supported on the card rest results in an appearance of the cards dancing or floating on the card rest. For example, vibratory action imparted to the cards preferably results in the cards bouncing substantially upward and downward while being substantially contained above the card rest. According to at least one embodiment of the inventions, vibratory action imparted to the cards 10 causes the cards to bounce on the card rest 111, which in turn, results in one or more of the cards falling or dropping through one or more of the card aperture 114. The card aperture can be controlled by a gate system according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. The gate system is preferably adapted to selectively block and/or unblock one or more of the apertures. Such a gate system can include means of employing at least one playing card to block the aperture 114 and/or to block the receiver 140.

As cards 10 fall through the card aperture 114, the cards supported on the card rest 111 decrease in number. To compensate for the decreasing number of cards supported on the card rest 111, the positioner 120 can be employed to maintain the cards substantially on-edge while also supported on the card rest. For example, the positioner 120 can include one or more guides 121 that are adapted to move inward toward the cards 10 as the number of cards supported on the card rest decreases. In this manner, the positioner 120 can function to maintain the cards substantially on-edge while being supported on the card rest.

The cards 10 can be collected after they are released through the card aperture 114 as described hereinabove. Collection of the cards after being released through the card aperture can be accomplished by a collector 161, which is described hereinabove with respect to the apparatus 100. Operation of the apparatus 100 is preferably continued until a desired quantity of cards is either released from the card rest 111 or collected and/or stacked by the collector 161. Shuffled cards can be retrieved from the collector. In accordance with at least one embodiment of the inventions, a plurality of cards can be fed or processed through the apparatus more than once to increase the degree of shuffling.

The apparatuses are intended for use with playing cards. In particular, the apparatuses are especially appropriate for use with plastic playing cards.

Manner and Materials of Making The apparatuses according to this invention may be made using a variety of fabrication and molding techniques. The support actuations are advantageously stepper motors with a coded output for precise control.

Other parts can be made of metal or plastics of a variety of types now known or hereafter developed.

The components that touch the cards are advantageously made from Teflon® or other polymer materials that prevent or reduce wear on cards. Also, suitably coated components that have low-friction surfaces of various types may be appropriate. 

1. An apparatus for shuffling a plurality of playing cards used in gaming, comprising: a rest having a surface adapted to support the cards; a card aperture in the surface and adapted to allow passage therethrough of at least one card; an exciter adapted to impart vibratory action in the supported cards; a receiver comprising at least one guide portion that defines a card space adapted to receive at least one playing card from the aperture, wherein an upper edge of the at least one received card is substantially flush with the surface to substantially block the card aperture; a positioner adapted to reposition the supported cards relative to the aperture.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a stop that further defines the card space, and which stop is adapted to support the at least one received card.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver is adapted to release the at least one received card to substantially unblock the card aperture.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a receiver actuator adapted to cause substantial release of the at least one received card when activated.
 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the exciter is adapted to impart vibratory action to the rest; the rest is adapted to impart vibratory action to the cards supported thereon.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the exciter is adapted to produce vibratory action; the exciter is connected to the rest.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor adapted to detect whether at least one card has been received into the card space.
 8. An apparatus for shuffling a plurality of playing cards used in gaming, comprising: at least one support adapted to support the cards on edge; an exciter adapted to impart vibratory action to the supported cards; a receiver adapted to receive at least one card released from the support, and to retain the at least one received card to substantially block the receiver; a positioner adapted to reposition the supported cards relative to the receiver.
 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a card aperture in the surface, through which aperture cards are released from the at least one support to the receiver.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the receiver comprises a card space in which the at least one received card is retained, wherein the receiver is adapted to selectively release the retained card.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a surface on the support upon which the cards are supported, wherein the receiver is adapted to retain the at least one received card in a position in which an upper edge of the at least one retained card is substantially flush with the surface.
 12. A method of shuffling a plurality of playing cards used in gaming, comprising: supporting the cards on a surface; imparting vibratory action to the supported cards; allowing at least one supported card to drop into a receiver; in response to allowing at least one supported card to drop, retaining the at least one dropped card within the receiver to substantially block the receiver; in response to retaining the at least one card, repositioning the supported cards relative to the at least one retained card.
 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising detecting that at least one card is retained in the receiver.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising detecting that at least one card is retained in the receiver, wherein repositioning the supported cards is performed in response to detecting that at least one card is retained.
 15. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein repositioning the supported cards relative to the at least one retained card comprises placing the supported cards in a randomly selected position relative to the at least one retained card.
 16. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein retaining the at least one card comprises retaining the at least one card in a position in which an edge of the at least one retained card is substantially flush with the surface.
 17. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein supporting the cards on the surface comprises supporting the cards in a substantially upstanding orientation.
 18. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein supporting the cards on the surface comprises supporting the cards substantially on edge.
 19. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein: allowing at least one supported card to drop into the receiver comprises allowing a plurality of supported cards to sequentially drop into the receiver according to a random sequence; retaining the at least one received card comprises sequentially retaining each of the plurality of received cards according to the random sequence; repositioning the supported cards comprises repositioning the supported cards during retention of each of the plurality of cards; releasing the at least one card from the retained position comprises sequentially releasing each of the retained cards according to the random sequence.
 20. An apparatus for shuffling a plurality of playing cards, comprising: at least one card support for supporting playing cards on edge; at least one drop aperture in the at least one card support though which playing cards may drop; at least one exciter adapted to impart vibrational activity in playing cards positioned on the at least one card support; at least one receptacle for receiving cards that pass through the at least one drop aperture.
 21. An apparatus according to claim 20 and further comprising at least one guide between the at least one drop aperture and the at least one receptacle for affecting the orientation of cards dropping through the at least one drop aperture.
 22. An apparatus according to claim 20 and further comprising at least one stop which holds dropped cards in position to block the at least one drop aperture.
 23. An apparatus according to claim 20 and further comprising at least one pneumatic guide which affects orientation of a card dropping into the at least one receptacle.
 24. A method for shuffling playing cards, comprising: placing the playing cards upon a support; vibrating the playing cards positioned on said support to imparting vibratory action to the supported playing cards; controllably dropping the playing cards through at least one support drop slot; changing positions of the vibrating playing cards and at least one drop slot to randomly cause playing cards to drop through the at least one drop slot; collecting recompiled cards in at least one collector.
 25. A method according to claim 24 further comprising guiding the playing cards after said controllably dropping to facilitate collecting of the recompiled cards.
 26. A method according to claim 24 further comprising guiding the playing cards after said controllably dropping to facilitate collecting of the recompiled cards, said guiding including mechanically diverting the playing cards.
 27. A method according to claim 24 further comprising guiding the playing cards after said controllably dropping to facilitate collecting of the recompiled cards, said guiding including pneumatically diverting the playing cards. 